A. Smoking damages eyes, worsening diabetes-related issues, and increases risks of optic neuropathy.

B. Cigarette smoke damages eyes, increasing risks of macular degeneration and optic neuropathy.

C. Smoking harms eyes, worsens diabetes sight, and triples macular degeneration, leading to vision loss.

D. Cigarette smoke harms eyes by increasing risk of macular degeneration and optic neuropathy.

ĐỀ SỐ 22

Ví dụ 1. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 5.

We live in an age of unbelievable technological progress, things don’t seem to have changed much in some areas of our everyday lives, and transportation is a(n) (1.1) example of this, Even in 2020, roads are still lined with vehicles even though we have dreamed about flying cars ever since the 20^th century.

Dreams never die, however, and the fantasy of futuristic transportation is still alive right now, as exemplified by (1.2) is known as the Hyperloop. This concept was proposed by the billionaire Elon Musk, CEO of the aerospace firm SpaceX.

Musk’s Hyperloop consists of two massive tubes extending from San Francisco to Los Angeles. Pods carrying passengers would travel through these tubes at speeds that can (1.3) 700 mph (1127km/h). The tubes would house a low pressure environment, surrounding the pod with a cushion of air that permits the pod to move safely (1.4) such high speeds, like a puck gliding over an air hockey table. The Hyperloop tubes would also have solar panels (1.5) on the roof, which would make for a clean and self-powering system. (184 words)

(Adapted from https://a-forum.info/sg/hl/FL_flyer.pdf)

1.1. A. total B. faultless C. absolute D. perfect

1.2. A. what B. which C. whom D. who

1.3. A. make B. reach C. touch D. gain

1.4. A. in B. for C. at D. from

1.5. A. install B. installed C. installing D. to install

Ví dụ 2. Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 5.

Although playing video games is one of the most popular leisure activities in the world, research into (1) ______, not only positive but negative, is often trivialized.

One innovative application of video games in health care is its use in pain management. The degree of attention needed to play such a game can distract the player from the sensation of pain, a strategy that has been reported and evaluated among pediatric patients. Video games have been used as a form of physiotherapy or occupational therapy in many different groups of people. Such games focus attention away from potential discomfort and, (2) ______, they do not rely on passive movements and sometimes painful manipulation of the limbs.

However, there has been no long-term follow-up and no robust randomized controlled trials of such interventions. Whether patients eventually tire of such games is also unclear. (3) ______ or whether the content of games is also an important factor as there have been no controlled trials comparing video games with other distractors. Further research should examine factors within games such as novelty, users' preferences, and relative levels of challenge and should compare video games with other potentially distracting activities.

On balance, given that video game playing is highly prevalent among children and adolescents in industrialized countries, there is little evidence that moderate frequency of play (4) ______. Adverse effects, when they occur, tend to be relatively minor and temporary,(5) ______. More evidence is needed on excessive play and on defining what constitutes excess in the first place. There should also be long-term studies of the course of video game addiction. (270 words)

(Adapted from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC558687/)

2.1. A. its effects on players B. their effects on players

C. its role in education D. their role in education

2.2. A. in contrast to traditional therapies

B. similar to conventional treatments

C. unlike more traditional therapeutic activities

D. comparable to standard rehabilitation methods

2.3. A. Furthermore, it is not known whether any distracting effect depends simply on concentrating on an interactive task

B. Otherwise, it is not known whether any distracting effect depends simply on concentrating on an interactive task

C. Therefore, it is not known whether any distracting effect depends simply on concentrating on an interactive task

D. If it is not known whether any distracting effect depends simply on concentrating on an interactive task

2.4. A. having serious acute adverse effects from moderate play

B. have serious acute adverse effects from moderate play

C. has serious acute adverse effects from moderate play

D. to have serious acute adverse effects from moderate play

2.5. A. resolving spontaneously with decreased frequency of play

B. resolve spontaneously with decreased frequency of play

C. to resolve spontaneously with decreased frequency of play

D. that resolves spontaneously with decreased frequency of play

Ví dụ 3. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 7.

Queen’s “deep sorrow” after her husband of 73 years, who had been by her side throughout her reign, died peacefully at Windsor Castle aged 99 on Friday night (Australian time).

Flags at Buckingham Palace and government buildings across the United Kingdom were lowered to half-mast, and within an hour of the announcement the public began to lay flowers outside Windsor Castle and Buckingham Palace. However, mourners have been urged not to gather and leave tributes at royal residences, and the public has been asked to stay away from funeral events because of the coronavirus pandemic. An online book of condolence has been launched on the Royal Family’s official website for people to leave messages of sympathy.

The prince died two months short of his 100^th birthday. He had recently spent four weeks in hospital with an infection where he was treated for a heart condition before being discharged and returned to Windsor early in March. The Duke of Edinburgh had been by his wife’s side throughout her 69-year reign, the longest in British history, and during that time earned a reputation for a tough, no-nonsense attitude, and a propensity for occasional gaffes. A Greek prince, Philip married Elizabeth in 1947, and together they had four children, eight grandchildren, and nine great-grandchildren. He played a key role in helping the monarchy adapt to a changing world in the post-World War II period, and behind the walls of Buckingham Palace was the one key figure the Queen could trust and turn to, knowing he could tell her exactly what he thought. (291 words)

(Adapted from Select Readings by Linda Lee and Jean Bernard)

3.1. Which of the following could be the best title for the passage?

A. A bibliography of Prince Philip B. Life and contributions of Prince Philip

C. Prince Philip’s death D. The public’s tribute to Prince Philip

3.2. The word “discharged” in paragraph 3 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ______

A. asked to stay B. admitted to the hospital

C. allowed to leave hospital D. given priority to meet doctors

3.3. The word reign in paragraph 3 is CLOSEST in meaning to ______.

A. domination B. govern C. Serve D. lead

3.4.The word “they” in paragraph 3 refers to ______.

A. prince B. children C. gaffes D. Philip and Elizabeth

3.5.Which of the following statements is NOT true, according to the passage?

A. Prince Philip was 25 years old when he got married to Queen Elizabeth.

B. Flowers were laid outside some royal residences after the death announcement.

C. Prince Philip was admitted to hospital for 28 days.

D. Prince Philip was born into a Greek royal family.

36.How should the public express their condolences?

A. They can attend funeral events.

B. They can leave messages of sympathy in an online book.

C. They can leave tributes at Windsor Castle.

D. They can gather at royal residences.

3.7.Which statement can be inferred from the passage?

A. Prince Philip’s funeral will be conducted differently from other royal funerals.

B. Prince Philip will be buried behind the walls of Buckingham Palace.

C. Prince Philip’s funeral will be conducted online to avoid coronavirus spread.

D. Prince Philip will not have a state funeral as he comes from Greece.

Ví dụ 4. Read the following passage and mark the answer A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Admiration for role models is a common aspect of modern life, with people often looking up to individuals they view as superior or exemplary. These figures, known as idols, can include a wide range of individuals from celebrities and athletes to historical or religious figures. The reasons for this admiration are varied, including appreciation for their talents, achievements, charisma, or perceived moral integrity.

The tendency to idolize typically begins in childhood, where young people may look up to superheroes, role models, or even fictional characters, drawing inspiration and aspirations from them. As people grow older, their idols might change, but the inclination to emulate those they admire remains strong.

While idolization can be a powerful motivator and aid in personal development, it also has potential downsides. Unrealistic expectations can lead to disappointment when idols inevitably fail to meet these high standards. Moreover, excessive admiration can hinder the development of one's own identity and goals.

It's important to acknowledge the imperfections in those we idolize. Recognizing that they are human and have flaws is essential. Instead of blind admiration, it is healthier to appreciate their positive qualities while keeping a realistic perspective. This approach involves learning from their successes and failures, using them as examples to guide one's own growth and potential. (213 words)

(Adapted from Journal of Education and Human Resources)

4.1. Which of the following best summarizes in paragraph 1?

A. Admiration for role models spans a spectrum of individuals from various backgrounds

B. People hold certain figures in high regard and strive to emulate their perceived superiority

C. The reasons behind admiration for idols include their talents and achievements

D. Idolization involves admiration for individuals based on their moral integrity and charisma.

4.2. To which of the following is the sentence "As people grow older, their idols might change, but the inclination to emulate those they admire remains strong" in paragraph 2 closest in meaning?

A. People's idols might change as they age, but they continue to imitate them.

B. As individuals mature, their idols may vary, but the desire to mimic them endures.

C. The tendency to emulate admired figures persists even as individuals' idols change overtime.

D. While maturing, people’s idols might alter, but their inclination to emulate remains constant.

4.3. To which of the following is the sentence "While idolization can be a powerful motivator and aid in personal development, it also has potential downsides" in paragraph 3 closest in meaning?

A. Idolization has both positive and negative effects on personal growth.

B. Although idolization can inspire and develop individuals, it also has drawbacks.

C. Despite its potential benefits, idolization can lead to negative consequences.

D. Idolization can drive motivation and personal development but also pose disadvantages.

4.4. To which of the following is the sentence "Recognizing that they are human and have flaws is essential" in paragraph 4 closest in meaning?

A. It is important to idolize only perfect figures.

B. Realizing that idols are imperfect helps maintain realistic expectations.

C. Acknowledging the flaws of idols is crucial to developing one's own identity.

D. Seeing the human side of idols makes admiration healthier and more balanced.

4.5. Which of the following best summarizes in paragraph 2?

A. People tend to idolize different figures throughout their lives, but the desire to emulate them remains constant.

B. The inclination to admire and emulate idols typically begins in childhood and persists into adulthood.

C. Idolization starts early in life with superheroes and fictional characters, shifting to different idols as individuals mature.

D. Childhood is when people form the strongest attachments to their idols, which often last into adulthood.

ĐỀ SỐ 23

Ví dụ 1. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 5.

Engineers are building machinery to harness the power of ocean waves. As an abundant source of clean energy, wave power can be categorised along with (1) _______ sustainable energy sources, such as wind and solar power.

Wave power is extracted by wave energy converters, or WECs, which are placed along ocean (2) _______ that produce strong waves. The first wave farm, (3) _______ comprises three WECs, was built off the coast of Portugal in 2008. It was set to produce over two megawatts of energy – enough to power 2,000 homes. Sadly, the project hit a (4) _______ block two months into operation and has remained offline ever since, demonstrating the high probability of technical difficulties that can still arise.

Engineers are continuing to build wave farms worldwide, (5) _______ it is worth cultivating the extraction of wave power. The amount of power that could potentially be extracted is three terawatts – enough for billions of homes and businesses.

(Adapted from “Use of English for advanced”)

1.1. A. other B. another C. every D. one

1.2. A. floods B. streams C. currents D. brooks

1.3. A. whom B. which C. why D. who

1.4. A. stumbling B. stepping C. tripping D. rolling

1.5. A. despite B. so C. as D. but

Ví dụ 2. Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 5.

Many young people strive to be independent. Becoming independent is (1) ______. It allows individuals to make their own decisions and learn from their own experiences. (2) ______.

(3) ______, they often find that they are more capable than they realized. Taking control of their finances, for instance, can teach young adults valuable lessons about budgeting. By paying bills, saving money, and (4) ______, they develop a sense of independence which is crucial for long-term stability.

Additionally, independence is not just about living alone or relying on others. It's about making choices that align with personal values and goals. When young people make choices about their education, career, or personal life, they lay the foundation for (5) ______.

In conclusion, the journey towards independence can not only be challenging but it is also rewarding. As individuals grow and progress on this path, they discover more about their strengths, passions, and the direction they wish to take in life. (214 words)

(Adapted from https://www.delawarepsychologicalservices.com/post/the-importance-of-being-independent)

2.1. A. an important milestone in everyone's life

B. a milestone to be important in everyone's life

C. an important life in everyone’s milestone

D. in an important milestone of everyone's life

2.2. A. Which process is essential for maturing into a responsible and self-reliant adult

B. Making it essential for maturing into a responsible and self-reliant adult

C. This process is essential for maturing into a responsible and self-reliant adult

D. Being essential for maturing into a responsible and self-reliant adult

2.3. A. Although they are dealt with B. Before people start to manage

C. Since people are managed D. When people start to manage

2.4. A. making financial plans for the future B. to making financial plans with the future

C. make the future financial plans D. made financial plans about the future

2.5. A. its future B. their future C. your future D. our future

Ví dụ 3. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 7.

Becoming independent is a significant milestone in life, often marking the transition from adolescence to adulthood. It involves taking control of your own decisions, managing responsibilities, and gaining the ability to support yourself. This journey can be both exciting and challenging, but it's an essential step toward personal growth and maturity.

One of the key aspects of independence is financial autonomy. This often begins with securing a job, creating a budget, and learning how to manage expenses. By earning your own money and deciding how to spend it, you gain a sense of freedom that is empowering. It's not just about having enough money to pay bills; it's about making informed choices.

Another crucial part of becoming independent is developing self-reliance. This means learning to solve problems on your own, taking responsibility for your actions, and building a strong sense of self-worth. It might involve moving out of your parents' house, cooking your own meals, or even learning basic home repairs. These skills not only boost your confidence but also prepare you for future challenges.

emotional growth allows you to navigate life with resilience and build a support system of friends and loved ones who respect your independence.

Ultimately, becoming independent is about taking charge of your own life. It requires courage, discipline, and a willingness to step outside your comfort zone. While the journey can be daunting, it is rewarding. By becoming independent, you not only gain freedom, but you also lay the foundation for a fulfilling and successful life.( 278 words)

(Adapted from: https://www.psychologytoday.com/)

3.1. What would be the best title for this passage?
A. Achieving financial success B. Developing emotional intelligence

C. The Journey to becoming independent D. Learning to live alone

3.2. Which of the following is mentioned as a key aspect of independence?
A. finding a life partner B. achieving financial autonomy

C. becoming an entrepreneur D. traveling the world

3.3. The word "autonomy" is OPPOSITE in meaning to ?

A. dependence B. authority C. diversity D. discipline

3.4. What is NOT mentioned as part of becoming independent?
A. learning to drive a car B. building a support system

C. managing emotions D. moving out of your parents' house

3.5. What does "it" refer to in passage 5?
A. zone B. journey

C. willingness D. life

3.6.The word "navigate" is in paragraph 4 CLOSEST in meaning to ?

A. steer B. manage C. drive D. follow

3.7. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about becoming independent?

A. Moving out of your parents' house is the only way to become independent.
B. Self-reliance involves only learning basic home repairs.
C. Developing self-reliance includes taking responsibility for your actions.
D. Cooking your own meals is not necessary for building self-worth.

Ví dụ 4. Read the following passage and mark the answer A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Before the age of the smartphone, aspiring photographers had to learn how to use high-tech cameras and photographic techniques. Not everyone had cameras, and it took skill and a good eye to capture and create a great photograph. Today, with the huge range of camera apps on our smartphones, we are all amateur photographers. And pretty good ones, too: The quality of smartphone images now nearly equals that of digital cameras. Even photojournalists are experimenting with cell phones because their near invisibility makes it easier to capture unguarded moments.

As people everywhere embrace photography and the media make use of citizen journalists, professional standards appear to be shifting. In the past, most people trusted photojournalists to accurately represent reality. Today, however, digital images can be altered in ways the naked eye might never notice. Any image can be altered to create an “improved” picture of reality. The

average viewer is left with no way to assess the accuracy of an image except through trust in a news organisation or photographer.

The question of the accuracy of images gets even trickier when photojournalists start experimenting with camera apps - like Flickr or Instagram - which encourage the use of filters. Images can be coloured, brightened, faded, and scratched to make photographs more artistic, or to give them an antique look. Photojournalists using camera apps to cover wars and conflicts have created powerful images - but also controversy. Critics worry that antique-looking photographs romanticise war, while distancing us from those who fight in them. (249 words)

(Adapted from Reading Explorer 4 - The third edition)

4.1. To which of the following is the sentence: “Before the age of the smartphone, aspiring photographers had to learn how to use high-tech cameras and photographic techniques.” in paragraph 1 closest in meaning?

A. The commencement of the smartphone allowed people who are interested in photography to get rid of high-tech cameras and photographic techniques.

B. Prior to the advent of the smartphone, individuals aiming to become photographers needed to acquire skills in operating high-tech cameras and photographic techniques.

C. The appearance of the smartphone conditioned future photographers to learn to use advanced cameras and techniques related to photography to take high resolution photos.

D. With the use of the smartphone, aspiring photographers would also need to master advanced cameras and techniques related to photography.

4.2. Which of the following best summarises the first paragraph?

A. It is possible to become an amateur photographer because the quality of photos taken on smartphones is slightly better than that of photos taken on digital cameras.

B. People who want to become photographers will no longer need to learn how to take photos by using digital cameras.

C. Everyone, including photojournalists, agrees that smartphones can create images that are unlike ones taken on digital cameras.

D. Anyone can be an amateur photographer now since photos taken on smartphones are almost as good as photos taken on digital cameras.

4.3. To which of the following is the sentence: “Today, however, digital images can be altered in ways the naked eye might never notice.” in paragraph 2 closest in meaning?

A. Yet nowadays, digital images can be edited in ways that may go unnoticed to the naked eye.

B. These days, on the other hand, human eyes are likely to notice changes in digital images.

C. In addition, without alterations, digital images today may escape detection by the unaided eye.

D. Currently, however, digital images cannot be edited in ways that may prevent detection by the human eyes.

4.4. To which of the following is the sentence: “Critics worry that antique-looking photographs romanticise war, while distancing us from those who fight in them.” in paragraph 3 closest in meaning?

A. It is a common belief that vintage-style photographs of war not only romanticise conflicts, but also create a connection between us and the individuals involved in them.

B. Critics claim that antique-style war photos trivialise conflicts, which allows us to focus on those who were involved in wars.

C. It is of critics’ concern that antique-style photographs romanticise battles, creating a gap between viewers and the reality faced by those involved in wars.

D. Professionals say old-fashioned war photos make battles seem glamorous, making it easier to understand the real experiences of soldiers.

4.5. Which of the following best summarises the third paragraph?

A. Editing photos with camera apps can give viewers a misleading impression about serious events such as wars.

B. There are many ways to alter images related to wars on the smartphone thanks to camera apps.

C. Applying filters to photos with camera apps can provide viewers with a vivid illustration about wars.

D. It is immoral to alter photos with camera apps, for this can convey vague impressions about actual incidents such as war.

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